![]() ![]() Generally, the ripe cashew apples are juicy, fibrous with very delicate skin and are eaten as such or sprinkled with salt and sugar. The major reason for fruit wastage is its astringent flavor and highly perishable nature. However, studies have shown that cashew apple is a rich source of carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, carotenoids, phenolics, organic acids, and antioxidants. Unfortunately, the cashew apple is discarded during cashew nut production thereby generating a huge amount of waste. Therefore, for every ton of cashew nut, approximately 5-10 tons of cashew apples are produced. The cashew apple is much larger than the nut, normally with a ratio of 1:8 and 1:10. The color of the apple turns into red, yellow or orange when ripe and the weight varies from 15-20 g or up to 200 g. ![]() It is important to note the cashew fruit has two parts nut and cashew apple. The cashew kernels are consumed as snacks after roasting and are even processed for the production of different value-added products Currently the major players in the world for cashew nut production are India, Vietnam, Ivory Coast, Tanzania, Brazil and Mozambique. It is also a source of minerals like calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron. The cashew nuts are rich in carbohydrates, fats and vitamins A, D, E and K. The Cashew tree is a cash crop planted for cashew nut production. It was introduced in India by the Portuguese around 1590, mainly for its ability to control erosion observed along the coastal region. The authors herein review the sustainable application and benefit of cashew apple as a by-product of cashew nut production.Ĭashew apple, preprocessing, value addition, sustainabilityĬashew (Anacardium occidentale) is an evergreen tropical tree with its origin in north-east Brazil. Recovery of these high-value nutrients may render the cashew apple processing sustainable and will further add value to the fruit waste. Additionally, cashew apple needs to be known for its value-added potential as it is a rich source of ascorbic acid, polyphenols, minerals, vitamins and sugars. It is important to note that cashew nut production leads to average wastage of around 2 million tons in Maharashtra alone. The fruit is often neglected due to its high perishability. Cashew apple also known as pseudo-fruit is the by-product of cashew nut production. Some people are allergic to cashews, but cashews are less frequent allergens than some other nuts.Anacardium Occidentale by-Product: A Review on Sustainable Application and Added-Value A B S T R A C TĬashew (Anacardium occidentale) tree is mainly known for the production of cashew nuts. The seed is surrounded by a double shell containing a caustic phenolic resin, urushiol, a potent skin irritant toxin (also found in the related poison ivy). However, the true fruit is classified as a nut by some botanists. Although a nut in the culinary sense, in the botanical sense the fruit of the cashew is a seed. Within the true fruit is a single seed, the cashew nut. The drupe develops first on the tree, and then the peduncle expands into the pseudofruit. The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing-glove-shaped drupe that grows at the end of the pseudofruit. The cashew apple, called or better known in Central America as “marañón”, ripens into a yellow and/or red structure about 5–11 cm long. What appears on the tree to be the fruit of the cashew tree is an oval to pear-shaped accessory fruit or false fruit that develops from the receptacle of the cashew flower. The flowers are produced in a panicle or corymb up to 26 cm long, each flower small, pale green at first then turning reddish, with five slender, acute petals 7-15 mm long. The leaves are spirally arranged, leathery textured, elliptic to ovate, 4-22 cm long, and 2-15 cm broad, with a smooth margin. It is a small evergreen tree growing to 10-12 m tall, with a short, often irregularly-shaped trunk. ![]() It is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew “nuts” (see below) and cashew apples. The plant is native to north eastern Brazil, where it is called by its Portuguese name Caju (the fruit) or Cajueiro (the tree). The Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is a tree in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceous. ![]()
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